光纤光栅是利用掺杂光纤的光致折射率变化特性，用特殊工艺使得光纤纤芯的折射率发生永久性周期变化而形成的一种反射型光纤无源器件。当宽带光波通过光纤光栅时，对满足Bragg条件的入射光产生强烈的反射，并沿原传输光纤返回，而其它波长的光波可以无损耗的通过。透射过去的其它波长光波可以继续传输给其它具有不同中心波长的光纤光栅阵列，其中相应中心波长的窄带光系列将被逐一反射，全部沿原传输光纤返回，由此可实现多个光纤光栅传感器的波分复用，实现准分布式测量。被反射回来光波的中心发射波长值随光纤光栅所受环境温度和应力的变化而变化，并具有良好的线性关系，实现了温度信息的光波长绝对编码，而对光波信号的光强度变化不敏感，因此，采用光纤光栅作为温度敏感元件可以获得较高的测量精度，并具有良好的可靠性和稳定性。基于此，基于光纤光栅传感技术的温度实时监测系统在温度和应变测量领域中倍受青睐。

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